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Trope Notes and Beyond
Above are the lists that I use for English III and IV...as we need them I will add them below. However, if we need a term that is on the English III list that one will be added below as well.
Please note that these are in alphabetical order and not in chronological order. It is far easier to find what you are looking for that way.
Ad Populum - appealing to the crowd / emotions of the crowd
Allusion: a figure of speech that makes reference to another event / text, for example
Historical - a reference to a historical event or person
Literary - a reference to a literary work / text / movie
Mythological - a reference to a myth or mythological character
Biblical - a reference to a Biblical character or story
Anaphora - one of the devices of repetition in which the same expression or word(s) is repeated at the beginning of the two lines, phrases, or clauses
Anglo-Saxon Period - aka Early Middle English Period - roughly 1066-1350 AD. Age of the Crusades & a period of French literature. Magma Carta & fuedalism were set in place. Latin was for learned works & English for religious plays/poems/ballads. Few English writings. Incorporated French qualities of grace, harmony, humor, chivalric idealism w/ lyric forms.
Antithesis - a juxtaposition of strongly contrasting ideas expressed in a parallel structure
Caesura - a pause or break in a line of verse/poetry. In classical lit a break in a foot between two words, usually near the middle of a line.
Ex. Had we but world enough, //and time
That s coyness, lady, // were no crime
Code Switching - the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation
Diction - form of spoken language peculiar to a region/social group, etc.
Epic - a long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in adventures forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure.
Folk epic: epic of unknown authorship seemed to be the product of communal
composition.
Literary epic: a long narrative poem by a poet self-consciously employing the epic formula.
Epistrophe - the repetition of the closing word(s) or phrase(s) at the end of several clauses
Erotema - a "rhetorical question" - one which implies an answer but does not give or lead you to expect one, for example "Do you see this, O God?" (Hamlet)
Ethos - a persuasive appeal to an audience's sense of duty or responsibility; the qualities or values that a speaker displays in order to affect an audience
Foot - unit of rhythm in verse. A fundamental character of regular verse in Middle & Modern English in which rhythm consists of units of accented and unaccented syllables in arranged plans called feet. Ex. Iamb, Trochee, Anapest, Dactyl, Spondee
Isocolon - phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure (for example: Never complain, never explain. - Bacon.....or.....He is asked to stand, he wants to sit, and he is expected to lie. - Churchill)
Kenning - a figurative phrase used as a synonym for a simple noun
Ex. "The bent-necked wood" for ship
"The whale-road" for sea
"leavings of the file" for sword
"storm so swords" for battle
"red badge of courage" for a mortal wound in battle
Loaded Language - words used to mock or distort the other side of an argument
Logos - persuasive appeal to an audience's sense of logic or reasoning
Metonymy - a trope in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it, for example: "the White House declared..." for President, or "the crown"...for the King / Queen
Motif / Leitmotif - a motif is a simple element that is repeated (grace / blind / pink ribbon), whereas a leitmotif is a phrase, idea or situation that is repeated (once upon a time...)
Paralellism - similarity of structure in a pair of series of related words, phrases or clauses, for example: "we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor"... The Declaration of Independence.
Pathos - persuasive appeal technique of stirring emotion of an audience, expressing emotion of the speaker and those emotions the speaker seeks to evoke from others
Polysyndeton - the deliberate use of many conjunctions, for example: This semester I am taking English and history and biology and mathematics and sociology and physical education.
Synecdoche - a trope in which a part signified the whole or the whole signifies a part
for example: wheel = car; threads = clothes; crib = house; hands = crew/people
Tone - the attitude toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work (e.g. formal, informal, solemn, somber, playful, serious, ironic, condescending, etc...)
Trope - a figure of speech involving the use of a mood in a sense other than literal (e.g. metaphor, simile, synecdoche, metonymy, personification, hyperbole, litotes, irony, oxymoron, and paradox)
Renaissance - (1500-1660) Literary period (aka Elizabethan Period) means "rebirth" and is applied to a time of transition from medieval to modern times. A rediscovery of classical (Greek) literature and a glimpse of culture at odds with Feudalism. Adhered to the idea that humans were glorious creatures capable of individual development. The world was theirs to interrogate, enjoy and explore. Explosion in arts, literature, science and democracy.
Iambic pentameter - a line of verse of 5 feet - used in serious English verse (Chaucer/Shakespeare) having specific stressed syllables...for exaple
Blank Verse - unrhymed but otherwise regular verse, usually in iambic pentameter, commonly used for long poems whether dramatic, philosophical, or narrative
Malapropism - an inappropriateness of speech resulting from the use of one word for another which resembles it, often used for comedic purposes
ex. Mind your own beeswax. (beeswax for business)
Drama - a story told in actions by actors who impersonate the characters (a play)
two types:
Comedy - marked by a happy ending and less exalted style
Tragedy - recounts the fall of persons of high degree...has a sense of doom
Allusion: a figure of speech that makes reference to another event / text, for example
Historical - a reference to a historical event or person
Literary - a reference to a literary work / text / movie
Mythological - a reference to a myth or mythological character
Biblical - a reference to a Biblical character or story
Anaphora - one of the devices of repetition in which the same expression or word(s) is repeated at the beginning of the two lines, phrases, or clauses
Anglo-Saxon Period - aka Early Middle English Period - roughly 1066-1350 AD. Age of the Crusades & a period of French literature. Magma Carta & fuedalism were set in place. Latin was for learned works & English for religious plays/poems/ballads. Few English writings. Incorporated French qualities of grace, harmony, humor, chivalric idealism w/ lyric forms.
Antithesis - a juxtaposition of strongly contrasting ideas expressed in a parallel structure
Caesura - a pause or break in a line of verse/poetry. In classical lit a break in a foot between two words, usually near the middle of a line.
Ex. Had we but world enough, //and time
That s coyness, lady, // were no crime
Code Switching - the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation
Diction - form of spoken language peculiar to a region/social group, etc.
Epic - a long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in adventures forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure.
Folk epic: epic of unknown authorship seemed to be the product of communal
composition.
Literary epic: a long narrative poem by a poet self-consciously employing the epic formula.
Epistrophe - the repetition of the closing word(s) or phrase(s) at the end of several clauses
Erotema - a "rhetorical question" - one which implies an answer but does not give or lead you to expect one, for example "Do you see this, O God?" (Hamlet)
Ethos - a persuasive appeal to an audience's sense of duty or responsibility; the qualities or values that a speaker displays in order to affect an audience
Foot - unit of rhythm in verse. A fundamental character of regular verse in Middle & Modern English in which rhythm consists of units of accented and unaccented syllables in arranged plans called feet. Ex. Iamb, Trochee, Anapest, Dactyl, Spondee
Isocolon - phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure (for example: Never complain, never explain. - Bacon.....or.....He is asked to stand, he wants to sit, and he is expected to lie. - Churchill)
Kenning - a figurative phrase used as a synonym for a simple noun
Ex. "The bent-necked wood" for ship
"The whale-road" for sea
"leavings of the file" for sword
"storm so swords" for battle
"red badge of courage" for a mortal wound in battle
Loaded Language - words used to mock or distort the other side of an argument
Logos - persuasive appeal to an audience's sense of logic or reasoning
Metonymy - a trope in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it, for example: "the White House declared..." for President, or "the crown"...for the King / Queen
Motif / Leitmotif - a motif is a simple element that is repeated (grace / blind / pink ribbon), whereas a leitmotif is a phrase, idea or situation that is repeated (once upon a time...)
Paralellism - similarity of structure in a pair of series of related words, phrases or clauses, for example: "we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor"... The Declaration of Independence.
Pathos - persuasive appeal technique of stirring emotion of an audience, expressing emotion of the speaker and those emotions the speaker seeks to evoke from others
Polysyndeton - the deliberate use of many conjunctions, for example: This semester I am taking English and history and biology and mathematics and sociology and physical education.
Synecdoche - a trope in which a part signified the whole or the whole signifies a part
for example: wheel = car; threads = clothes; crib = house; hands = crew/people
Tone - the attitude toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work (e.g. formal, informal, solemn, somber, playful, serious, ironic, condescending, etc...)
Trope - a figure of speech involving the use of a mood in a sense other than literal (e.g. metaphor, simile, synecdoche, metonymy, personification, hyperbole, litotes, irony, oxymoron, and paradox)
Renaissance - (1500-1660) Literary period (aka Elizabethan Period) means "rebirth" and is applied to a time of transition from medieval to modern times. A rediscovery of classical (Greek) literature and a glimpse of culture at odds with Feudalism. Adhered to the idea that humans were glorious creatures capable of individual development. The world was theirs to interrogate, enjoy and explore. Explosion in arts, literature, science and democracy.
Iambic pentameter - a line of verse of 5 feet - used in serious English verse (Chaucer/Shakespeare) having specific stressed syllables...for exaple
Blank Verse - unrhymed but otherwise regular verse, usually in iambic pentameter, commonly used for long poems whether dramatic, philosophical, or narrative
Malapropism - an inappropriateness of speech resulting from the use of one word for another which resembles it, often used for comedic purposes
ex. Mind your own beeswax. (beeswax for business)
Drama - a story told in actions by actors who impersonate the characters (a play)
two types:
Comedy - marked by a happy ending and less exalted style
Tragedy - recounts the fall of persons of high degree...has a sense of doom